Resveratrol suppressed mRNA expression and intracellular IL‑6 production, resulting in significantly decreased IL‑6 secretion after treatment with LPS or AGE (P<0.01).
IL‑6 secretion was dependent on nuclear factor (NF)‑κB activation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS P<0.05). IL‑6 secretion induced by AGE or LPS was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with RAGE antagonist (P<0.05) or TLR4 inhibitor (P<0.05). To assess the receptors for AGE and LPS, including receptor for AGE (RAGE) and Toll‑like receptor (TLR4), blocking reagents (RAGE antagonist or TLR4 inhibitor) were added to the J774 macrophages.
Although AGE and LPS significantly stimulated IL‑1β mRNA expression (P<0.05), they had no significant effect on IL‑1β secretion. AGE and LPS significantly increased IL‑6 mRNA expression and secretion in J774 macrophages (P<0.05).
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of AGE and LPS on cytokines in the J774 murine macrophage cell line and the potential effect of resveratrol on AGE‑ and LPS‑induced inflammation in macrophages. Advanced glycation end‑products (AGE) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are known to induce inflammation and are associated with adverse developmental outcomes. Macrophages are essential for regulating the physiology of pregnancy however, excessive inflammatory responses to macrophages, induced by infection and/or endogenous danger signals, may potentially result in complications during pregnancy.
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